Transparency Center

AI Forensics is a European non-profit that investigates influential and opaque algorithms. We hold big tech platforms to account by exposing algorithmic harms through independent, high profile investigations. Our unique data-driven approach gives journalists, researchers, regulators and lawmakers timely evidence of the systematic violations of the user's interests and digital rights,particularly minority groups and communities that are overlooked in the technological design. We develop our own auditing tools, which we release as free software to empower the research community, and grow the AI audit ecosystem. We believe that consistent, coordinated scrutiny is the path to restoring the imbalance of power between big tech platforms and those who use them.

Alliance4Europe

Alliance4Europe is a non-profit bringing together pro-European and pro-democratic actors, to promote and advance democracy and fundamental values in Europe. A4E promotes civic engagement through cooperation among civil society organizations, academia, the creative industries, the arts, and private sector A4E provides its network with tools, analysis on disinformation, and creates campaigns for citizen engagement and social impact. Depending on the type of signatory, describe also either the nature and specificities of the platform/service and the types of disinformation-related issues observed on the service (for online platform signatories), or the solutions or activities provided by the signatory to counter disinformation (for other type of signatories)]. A4E supports the development of tools and approaches to foster cooperation against disinformation. Our coordination work aims to increase capacity, resources, and collaboration among those defending against disinformation. A4E has been a leading partner in the development of the DISARM Framework (formerly known as AMITT - as in Measure 14.1) of disinformation tactics, techniques, and procedures. A4E aims to foster cooperation, coordination, and exchange among a broad range of stakeholders to strengthen a digital space that enables democracy. A4E conducts research on an ad hoc basis, and will share information, research, best practices where possible and relevant.

CEE Digital Democracy Watch

We are a Warsaw-based non-profit championing responsible online discourse & advocating for a democratic future where regulation and free expression go hand in hand.

Clean Up The Internet

Clean Up The Internet (www.cleanuptheinternet.org.uk) is a small civil society organisation active in the UK and EU. Our EU transparency register number is 099046239388-80. We are concerned about the degradation in online discourse and its implications for society and democracy. We campaign for evidence-based, rights-respecting action to increase civility and respect online, to safeguard freedom of expression, and to reduce online bullying, trolling, intimidation, misinformation, and fraud.

Debunk

Debunk.org is an independent technology think tank and NGO that carries out disinformation analysis and runs educational media literacy campaigns in 8 countries. The organisation has worked in the disinformation countering field since 2017. Our team publishes 100+ reports per year focusing on false and misleading coverage regarding the migration crisis on the EU border with Belarus, COVID-19, NATO, hybrid warfare, energy politics, and monitoring elections. In 2022, Debunk.org was a part of the Ukraine War Disinfo Work Group, which unites NGO’s and research centres from 14 countries and provides weekly reports on disinformation spread by the Kremlin about its full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Recently, Debunk.org started a cooperation with Vilnius University and established the Baltic Disinformation Observatory, the main goal of which is to carry out multidisciplinary research into this topic. Moreover,Debunk.org successfully worked together with Lithuanian public broadcaster LRT on an investigation of disinformation actors active on Facebook. The organisation also participates in activities organised by the Radicalisation Awareness Network(RAN Practitioners), which connects frontline practitioners from across Europe to exchange knowledge, first-hand experiences, and approaches to preventing and countering violent extremism in all its forms. Notably, Debunk.org was also included amongst top leaders in the RoW100 list: https://restofworld.org/profile/viktoras-dauksas/ https://restofworld.org/row100/

Demagog

Demagog is the first Polish fact-checking organization, established in 2014. Our mission is to combat disinformation and improve the quality of public debate by providing access to unbiased and credible information. For more than 10 years we’ve been fact-checking political claims, keeping track of the promises and debunking harmful disinformation. We strive to build a strong misinformation-resilient civil society that keeps politicians accountable for what they say and promise. We believe that we can achieve this goal by empowering citizens with critical fact-checking and media literacy skills. That’s why we share our expertise with others in our educational project called Fact-checking Academy. We are signatories to the 2022 European Code of Practice on Disinformation and the Polish Code of Good Practices in Combating Disinformation. We are members of the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN), European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN) and the Central European Digital Media Observatory Hub (CEDMO). We are partners to Meta's Third Party Fact-checking Program and TikTok's Fact-checking Program.

Demagog.cz

Demagog.cz is a unique independent fact-checking platform focused on fact-checking political claims and misinformation content on social media in Czechia. Demagog.cz was launched in 2012 as a student initiative in Brno, Czechia. Registered as an association in 2016, Demagog.cz became a signatory to the International Fact-Checking Network’s (IFCN) Code of Principles in 2018 and a member of the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN) in 2023. In 2020, Demagog.cz became a part of Meta’s Third-Party Fact-Checking Program and in 2021, joined CEDMO. Since its inception Demagog.cz has published fact-checks of more than ten thousand claims and has been recognized by Czech media institutions, receiving a number of journalism awards from local organisations and from Google. Demagog.cz's activities largely consist of publishing fact-checks, with each publication conforming to a strict fact-checking methodology, certified by IFCN and EFCSN. Demagog's publications focus on current topics, public debates, statements by officials and misinformation spread on social media. Besides fact-checking, Demagog.cz produces educational materials and organises workshops for aspiring factcheckers, educational institutions and the general public.

Demagog.sk

Demagog.sk is an independent fact-checking project of the Slovak Governance Institute certified by the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) and the European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN). The project started off as an initiative verifying claims made by politicians in political debates. Later, reflecting on the growing issue of disinformation, we expanded our fact-checking to social media content. As a third-party fact-checker for Meta, we are publishing approximately 100 fact-checks per year. We are part of the multidisciplinary consortium CEDMO that brings together fact-checkers, analysts, media literacy experts, and scholars to counter disinformation in Central Europe. We are also participating in a collaborative project Prebunking at Scale led by EFCSN, which addresses false narratives before they are spread widely. Besides our fact-checking activities, we deliver workshops on critical thinking, media literacy, and artificial intelligence. We host a regular podcast published by Aktuality.sk, providing a space for critical discussions about disinformation and public affairs. From our perspective, committing to the Code of Conduct on Disinformation means a formal endorsement of the principles we already uphold in our endeavours. Importantly, it also provides valuable opportunities to strengthen cooperation with peer organizations, exchange best practices, and strengthen our collective capacity to counter disinformation.

Democracy Reporting International

Democracy Reporting International (DRI) is an independent organisation dedicated to promoting democracy worldwide. We strengthen democracy by supporting the institutions and processes that make it sustainable and work with all stakeholders towards ensuring that citizens play a role in shaping their environment. DRI focuses on five key themes on democracy: justice, elections, local governance, digital democracy and human rights. DRI is financed by and partners with a diverse group of foundations, firms and governments, including: the German Federal Foreign Office, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, the European Union, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), the Mercator Foundation, the Landecker Foundation and the Porticus Foundation. Our team of researchers, project managers and policy experts bring diverse backgrounds in quantitative data analysis, advocacy, law, policy and media. In addition to the colleagues listed below, our team is currently recruiting new policy and outreach officers to support our endeavours. Our global network of experienced democracy champions, both within and outside the organisation, refine and compliment this expertise to allow for multistakeholder research and analysis into online democratic discourse. In order to combat disinformation, Democracy Reporting International's Digital Democracy (DD) experts conduct research into the tools, tactics, and technologies used to disseminate disinformation. Furthermore, they develop material that assists policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in detecting even advanced forms of disinformation, such as those produced by generative artificial intelligence. With social media monitoring, especially in the context of elections, being a core competency of the DD team, DD experts identify patterns of information manipulation. In addition, they provide training for other stakeholders to conduct extensive social media monitoring.

DISARM Foundation

The DISARM Foundation is a UK based organization that helps people combating online harms by providing a framework of language used to describe influence operations Tactics Techniques and Behaviors. This is useful because it helps organisations to effectively and accurately share information in a standardised format. It also helps defenders make sense of what they’re seeing by giving them a checklist of harmful behaviours commonly seen during influence operations. We are the organization that maintains the framework of TTPs originally called AMITT and which is now known as DISARM.

DOT Europe

organisations offering tools against disinfo

DOT Europe is the voice of the leading internet companies in Europe. DOT Europe’s mission is to develop ideas and support policy initiatives that foster an innovative, open and safe internet for Europe’s citizens and businesses. More information is available at doteurope.eu

DoubleVerify

advertising ecosystem

DV is driven by a mission – to make the digital advertising ecosystem stronger, safer and more secure. We help brands improve the effectiveness of their online advertising, giving them clarity and confidence in their digital investment. Confidence is built on trust. Trust is achieved when a company’s mission, team and actions are aligned – doing things for the right reasons, with transparency and authenticity. Trust is foundational to the lasting partnerships we’ve built with global advertisers, as well as the world’s leading programmatic and social platforms, and publishers. DV pioneered digital ad verification over a decade ago. Today, we authenticate media quality and power performance for the world's largest brands, platforms and publishers. Hundreds of companies turn to DoubleVerify for our industry-leading technology and data, and unparalleled customer service. We deliver solutions across every major vertical, including Financial Services, Telecom, Automotive, Retail, CPG, Travel, Luxury, Pharmaceuticals and more.

Ebiquity

Ebiquity, listed on the London Stock Exchange (AIM:EBQ), is the world leader in media investment analysis. We harness the power of data to provide independent, fact-based advice, enabling brand owners to perfect media investment decisions and improve business outcomes. We are a data-driven solutions company helping brand owners drive efficiency and effectiveness from their media spend, eliminating wastage and creating value. We do not plan, buy, or sell media, but we enable our advertiser clients fact-based recommendations on how to make their media investments work better for them. Ebiquity is therefore able to provide independent, unbiased advice and solutions to brands because we have no commercial interest in any part of the media supply chain. With more than 600 media specialists, we have the largest pool of dedicated media professionals outside of the agency groups. We are physically present in 24 markets globally, representing ~80% of the world's media investments. This means that we are best placed to advise multinational brand owners, and our media analyses and reporting can cover more than 100 national markets. We provide media audit and evaluation services for 75 of the top 100 advertisers, with 500+ advertiser clients globally. Although headquartered in the UK Ebiquity has a local EU market office presence in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Sweden, but provides services to clients across all EU markets. A number of our service offerings relevant to the digital media ecosystem are consistent and aligned with the objectives of the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, and our support to advertiser clients in creating the effective and actionable monitoring, evaluation and reporting of media investments to those websites or media properties that are disseminating harmful content and disinformation is a natural extension of our capabilities. Our standard media governance digital audit applies a set of rules-based principles that structurally identify and quantify the opportunity for value improvement across five pillars of analysis; Supply chain inefficiencies, Transparency, Activation, Ad Quality, and Ad engagement. These evaluation criteria assess ad placements across programmatic, display, video, social and search media buys. Extending the rules-based principles to encompass those media properties involved in the propagation of disinformation would guard against advertiser funding of such sites.

EFCSN

The European Fact-Checking Standards Network (EFCSN) is an association of European independent fact-checking organizations whose purpose is to uphold and promote the highest standards of fact-checking and promote media literacy for the public benefit. The Association and its members are committed to upholding the principles of freedom of expression. They will work to promote the public’s access to fact-checked trustworthy data and information and to educate the public in how to assess the veracity of information in the public sphere. The association, a representative body of the independent fact-checking community in Europe, was launched in 2022 by more than 40 European fact-checking organizations.

European Association of Communication Agencies (EACA)

EACA is a trade association representing the voice of Europe's communications agencies and associations, promoting the economic and social contribution of commercial communications to society. Our members comprise advertising, media, digital, branding and PR agencies as well as their national associations - together they represent more than 2,500 organisations from nearly 30 European countries that directly employ over 120,000 people.

European Partnership for Democracy

The European Partnership for Democracy (EPD) is a network representing 21 democracy support organisations headquartered in Europe but operating globally. The EPD secretariat is split into three pillars: policy, research and programmes. As such, EPD brings expertise from a variety of angles, not just in terms of thematic expertise but also from different perspectives within the democracy support sector. Most relevant to the Code of Conduct on Disinformation, EPD has a strong and proven track record working on issues relating to digital democracy and information integrity, with several focus areas overlapping with key topics in the Code, including the transparency of targeted political advertising, the demonetisation of disinformation, and the inclusion of democratic standards in tech governance. In 2024, EPD took up a coordination role among civil society to streamline input for the European Democracy Shield. This coordination group includes several signatories of the Code of Conduct with whom EPD collaborates closely. The EPD secretariat has put a strong focus on the need to properly implement the Digital Services Act and has advocated for the development of proper monetisation governance in order to demonetise disinformation. EPD has also actively contributed to the discussions around the Regulation on the Targeting and Transparency of Political Advertising (TTPA) ever since its early development. EPD has engaged in consultations relating to its implementation, provided input to draft implementing acts, and published a series of analyses both throughout the TTPA’s development and its current implementation. As a network organisation, EPD not only has extensive expertise among its secretariat but also represents the varied experience and knowledge of its members, many of whom have done extensive work on countering disinformation and strengthening information integrity. (For more information: www.epd.eu/members )

Expert Forum

Expert Forum (EFOR) is a think tank based in Bucharest, set up by well-known experts in public policy and public governance reform. Expert Forum members have been involved in the most important evaluations of institutional reforms in the public administration and have analyzed the policy process in recent years in Romania and neighboring countries (particularly in the Western Balkans and Moldova), in collaboration with the European Commission, Council of Europe, World Bank and United Nations Development Programme. EFOR is uniquely positioned as an election-monitoring NGO that works on political transparency and monitoring digital disinformation. Our motivation to join the Code of Conduct on Disinformation is connected to recent developments in Romania. Expert Forum is the only Romanian think tank that had an integrated nationwide election observation effort, beyond the election day, focusing on: disinformation; monitoring of electoral legislation; party and campaign financing; and observation during the election day. We led regional NGO’s and provided a voter information platform, trainings for independent observers in the voting station, and a call-center for citizens. Votcorect.ro, is a comprehensive platform that provides voters with accurate electoral information, facilitates the reporting of irregularities, and supports independent election observers. This initiative builds on EFOR’s extensive experience in election monitoring, dating back to 2014, and aims to engage civil society in protecting democratic processes. Expert Forum is one of the main think tanks in Romania that is doing proactive monitoring of online trends and influence operations. EFOR’s research was used in November 2024 by the National Audio-Visual Council to file a request to the EU Commission to investigate TikTok’s role in allowing the dissemination of a coordinated network of accounts to manipulate voting behavior. Expert Forum is part of the consultation forum of experts that advises ANCOM - Romania’s Digital Service Coordinator that implements the Digital Services Act and took part in consultations with the European Commission, VLOPS (big platforms like Meta, TikTok).

Faktograf

Faktograf - Association for the Informed Public is a non-profit media organization that publishes Eaktograf.hr: the only fact-checking media outlet based in Croatia verified by the (IFCN), since 2017. Faktograf.hr started publishing in October 2015 as a collaborative project initiated by two publishers: Gong and the Croatian Journalists' with partner support from regional fact-checkers and Istinomjer.rs and financial support by the National Endowment for Democracy. Based on the successes Of the incubation period, which include providing fact-checking services to Meta's Third-Party Fact-Checking Program since 2019, Faktograf embarked on a new developmental cycle as a self-publishing newsroom. In 2021 the newsroom established an independent nonprofit association that is now the sole publisher of Faktograf.hr and serves as a platform through which the journalists can develop a sustainable and socially impactful media organization. Besides media publishing focused on fact-checking, Faktograf engages in watchdog and advocacy activities regarding media freedoms, disinformation, and democracy. Also, Faktograf is networked with colleagues on the global, European, regional and national level, with focus on supporting the establishment of the European Fact-Checking Standards Network, further development Of SEE Check - the network that Faktograf co-founded with colleagues from the same language area Of South-Eastern Europe and establishment Of the non-profit digital media alliance in Croatia.

FIDU - Federazione Italiana Diritti Umani

FIDU’s work mostly focuses on activities aimed to protect human rights, the rule of law and the victims of abuses worldwide. We do this through advocacy campaigns, fact-finding missions, monitoring activities, especially related to elections and trials. We are currently working on Ukraine, China, especially addressing the issue of Uyghur forced labour; Iran, with a focus on the death penalty used as a tool for political intimidation; Joint work with our international partners to support the reform of traditional mechanisms, such as the CoE and the ECHR, and at the same time to promote new mechanisms and tools aimed to fight against impunity of those responsible for serious human rights abuses, like the targeted sanctions (Magnitsky sanctions).

Global Disinformation Index

The Global Disinformation Index is a not-for-profit organisation that operates on the three principles of neutrality, independence and transparency.Our vision is a world free from disinformation and its harms. Our mission is to catalyse industry and government to defund disinformation.

Globsec

very large online search engines

GLOBSEC is an independent, non-partisan, non-governmental organisation that builds on the successful work done by the Slovak Atlantic Commission (est. 1993). Its main goal is to shape policy and global debate through rigorous research, strategic initiatives, and high-level public–private engagement. This goal is advanced through the annual GLOBSEC Forum, one of Europe’s leading conferences on global security and geopolitics, and the GLOBSEC Tatra Summit, a high-level platform shaping debate on Europe’s economic resilience and competitiveness. Complementing these flagship gatherings, GLOBSEC also convenes targeted formats - including the Château Béla Central European Forum, BELTalks, and closed-door policy dialogues – focused on specific issues or regional challenges. Similarly, GLOBSEC US Foundation has been established to advance GLOBSEC’s mission in the United States, particularly within the Washington D.C.-based think-tank and policy-making community. The Foundation strengthens the presence of Central Europe in the US policy circles and across wider American society, while supporting the broader objectives of GLOBSEC and its partners.

Google

IAB Europe (Interactive Advertising Bureau Europe)

IAB Europe (Transparency Register: 43167137250-27) is the European-level association representing the broad digital advertising and marketing ecosystem. Its members include media, technology, and marketing companies, as well as national IABs. It comprises 25 national associations, whose 5,000+ members include advertisers, agencies, publishers, and technology companies.

Les Surligneurs

very large online platform

Les Surligneurs is a legal fact-checking media outlet based in France whose mission is to fight disinformation in the field of the law through the publication of legal-checks and various other types of contents such as analyses, interviews or quizzes. Les Surligneurs is a verified member of both the IFCN and the EFCSN, and follows the highest fact-checking standards. Vincent Couronne, its director general, is an elected member of the Governance Body of the EFCSN and its Treasurer. In our choice of commitments, we took the following factors into account: (i) ability to comply with the measures and (ii) willingness to participate in the development of and compliance with the Code, notably through the task-force.

Logically

Logically combines advanced AI with a world class open source intelligence (OSINT) team and one of the world’s largest dedicated fact-checking teams to help government bodies, businesses and social media platforms uncover and address harmful misinformation and disinformation at scale. We have developed a suite of products and services to reduce and eventually eliminate the harm caused by the spread of misinformation and targeted disinformation campaigns. Logically is an award-winning international team of data scientists, engineers, analysts, developers and investigators united by the company’s mission to enhance civic discourse, protect democratic debate and process, and provide access to trustworthy information. We have a dedicated fact checking and research team which produce frequent fact checks as well as detailed analysis and reports into specific misinformation actors and trends. Our published fact checks can be found on our website here and a selection of our deep dive investigations into specific conspiracy theory trends can be found here.

Maldita.es

very large online search engines

Maldita.es is an independent journalistic platform focused on the control of disinformation and public discourse through fact-checking and data journalism techniques. We are a non profit organization with three main objectives: to monitor and control political discourse and promote transparency in public and private institutions; to verify and fight against misinformation; and to promote media literacy and technological tools in order to create an aware community that can defend itself from disinformation and lies in all areas.

Microsoft Advertising

advertising ecosystem

Microsoft Advertising is a proprietary advertising platform that works both with advertisers who provide it with advertising content, and publishers who display these advertisements on their services

Microsoft Bing

Bing Search is one of the world’s leading online search engines with the primary objective of connecting users to the most relevant search results from the web

NewsGuard

advertising ecosystem

Launched in March 2018 by media entrepreneur and award-winning journalist Steven Brill and former Wall Street Journal publisher Gordon Crovitz, NewsGuard provides credibility ratings and detailed “Nutrition Labels” for thousands of news and information sources. NewsGuard rates all the news and information sources that account for 95% of online engagement across the US, UK, Canada, Germany, France, and Italy.

Newtral

organisations offering tools against disinfo

Newtral is a media startup based on journalism, technology and new narratives through innovation, founded in 2018 by the same team of journalists who pioneered fact-checking on Spanish television through El Objetivo, presented by Ana Pastor on LaSexta. The team subsequently expanded its work by creating Newtral’s own online fact-checking and debunking platform. Newtral combines journalism, technology and data analysis to address misinformation and strengthen the quality and transparency of public debate. Its fact-checking team verifies daily statements made by politicians from different parties, public administrations and other public figures. The team is composed of independent journalists with no links to political parties, private interests or advocacy organisations. Newtral applies a transparent methodology: every fact-checking article includes a list of the sources consulted, with links whenever available, and readers are encouraged to contact the team to report errors, provide comments on published data or raise questions about its work. Newtral also has partnerships with Meta and TikTok to proactively identify and debunk misleading content on their platforms. In addition, it operates a fact-checking service through WhatsApp, allowing anyone to submit content they suspect may be false for verification. The service experienced particularly high demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside fact-checking, Newtral produces other forms of journalism and reporting, with a strong focus on data analysis and on the intersection between computer science and journalism. Its multidisciplinary team brings together journalists, fact-checkers, engineers and data scientists working to improve and automate different stages of the fact-checking workflow. Newtral has expertise in deep learning, natural language processing (NLP) and data analysis. Its CTO holds a PhD in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. For several years, Newtral’s engineering and editorial teams have collaborated on the development and refinement of AI-based tools to support fact-checking and improve digital editorial workflows. These applications cover multiple stages of the process, including social media monitoring, political speech analysis, the identification of verifiable claims and the detection of potentially misleading or false information. Since 2019, Newtral has also developed an educational area, Newtral Educación, dedicated to media and information literacy, data journalism and the promotion of critical thinking. It delivers educational programmes, workshops and training activities for schools, universities and other audiences, helping citizens develop the skills needed to critically assess information, understand digital environments and use technology responsibly.

OPSCI.AI

Opsci.ai develops advanced AI-powered data processing methodologies for opinion analysis, risk assessment, and innovation benefiting the common good. We decipher opinion to inform stakeholders in debates, analyse information risks to better protect ourselves, and support the development of AI projects for good.

PagellaPolitica / Facta.news

Pagella Politica and Facta.news are two fact-checking and debunking projects operated by the Italian company TFCF, active in various projects in the research, monitoring and contrast to disinformation at the national and European level, as well as Media and Information Literacy. They have active partnerships with major Italian media and social media platforms. Pagella Politica is the main political fact-checking outlet in Italy and Facta. news focuses on non-political fact-checking.

QuotaClimat

QuotaClimat is a European NGO working to improve the environment media coverage and tackle disinformation. Its means of action are threefold: data production, advocacy and citizen mobilization.

Reporters without Borders (RSF)

Reporters Without Borders, also known under its French name Reporters sans frontières (RSF), is an international independent organization that acts for the freedom, pluralism and independence of journalism and defends those who embody these ideals. Founded in 1985 and based in Paris, recognised as a public interest organization in France since 1995, RSF has consultative status with the United Nations, UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the International Organization of Francophonie (OIF). RSF has 130 correspondents around the world, 6 international sections (Germany, Austria, Spain, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland) and offices in 7 cities (London, Brussels, Tunis, Washington DC, Rio de Janeiro, Dakar, Taipei). The Journalism Trust Initiative, initiated and operated by RSF, is an internal compliance and external accountability and transparency tool for newsrooms of all sizes and types. It is based on an official standardization deliverable, the CWA17493:2019, according to EU law and translates the self-assessments and independent third-party audits of media outlets into a machine-readable trustworthiness indicator as referenced in the Code of Practice.

Resolver (formerly Crisp)

Science Feedback

very large online platform

Science Feedback is a publication verifying the credibility of influential information and media coverage that claims to be scientific in fields that are particularly prone to misunderstandings and misinformation such as climate change and health. It is operated by a not-for-profit organization.

Seznam

online platforms

Seznam.cz is a leading Czech internet company that provides various online services, such as search, news, discussions, email, maps, and e-commerce.

The Bright App

online platforms

TikTok

TikTok allows users to create, share and watch short-form videos and live content, primarily for entertainment purposes

VOST Europe is a network of Virtual Operations Support Teams (VOSTs) across Europe that supports emergency response and crisis management by monitoring, verifying, and analyzing online information. It plays a role in combating disinformation during crises by identifying and countering false narratives that could hinder emergency response efforts. By providing real-time digital support, social media monitoring, and data analysis, VOST Europe enhances situational awareness for authorities, responders, and the public, fostering collaboration among national VOSTs and strengthening digital crisis response across borders.

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