Executive Summary 

Microsoft Advertising prohibits misinformation and disinformation on its network. To enforce this policy, Microsoft Advertising may use a combination of internal signals and trusted third-party data or information sources to reject, block, or remove ads or sites that contain disinformation or that direct traffic to disinformation content. Enforcement actions may include blocking at the domain level where landing pages or sites violate this policy. Our primary policy is available here.

During the reporting period, Microsoft Advertising enhanced its detection capabilities through continued integration with services provided by the Microsoft Threat Analysis Center (MTAC), including signals related to Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) domains. MTAC operates as part of Microsoft’s broader threat intelligence structure, alongside the Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) and the Digital Crimes Unit, and focuses on identifying foreign malign influence operations and state‑aligned information campaigns. MTAC applies a geopolitical influence‑operations lens to analyse propaganda, coordinated information operations, and state‑backed manipulation campaigns, including cross‑platform narrative efforts and manipulated or deceptive content targeting public opinion.

Microsoft Advertising regularly consumes domain- and web-property-level intelligence informed by MTAC analysis to detect ads and publishers associated with disinformation, misinformation, impersonation, or influence operations. Detection methods are continuously refined to address evolving tactics. Microsoft Advertising prioritises early, preventive enforcement, stopping non-compliant advertising content prior to delivery. As a result, significant enforcement actions occur at or before demand creation, reflecting platform improvements that reduce user exposure to harmful or misleading content at the earliest possible stage.