Depending on the context, the actor, and the activity, several TTPs can be combined and are covered by several of our policies. We have highlighted some examples below:
Inauthentic Behaviour - Our
Inauthentic Behaviour policy is targeted at addressing deceptive behaviours. In line with our commitment to authentic interactions, we do not allow people to misrepresent themselves on Instagram.
CIB Policy - Our policy on
Coordinated Inauthentic Behaviour (CIB) addresses covert influence operations (IO). Defined as “particularly sophisticated forms of Inauthentic Behavior where inauthentic accounts are central to the operation,” the policy informs how we find, identify and remove IO networks on our platforms.
CIB refers to coordinated efforts to manipulate public debate for a strategic goal that centrally relies on fake accounts. This is distinctly different from misinformation, which is content that is false or misleading. When we remove networks for violating CIB or other inauthentic behavior policies, it is based on their behavior, not the content they posted. For a comprehensive overview of our approach, see
here. We rely on both expert investigators to find and take down more sophisticated and emerging adversarial behaviors, as well as on scaled solutions to help detect and remove networks engaged in inauthentic behaviors. As part of this effort and because we know that these bad actors rarely target only one single platform, we have partnered with civil society, our industry partners, researchers, and governments to strengthen our collective defenses.
CIB can include a variety of different TTPs depending on the actors, context, and operation. Having said that, we often see (1) creation of inauthentic accounts; (2) the use of fake / inauthentic reactions (e.g., likes, upvotes, comments); (3) the use of fake followers or subscribers; (4) the creation of inauthentic groups, and domains; (5) inauthentic coordination of content creation or amplification; (6) account hijacking or impersonation; and (7) inauthentic coordination.
We also remove millions of fake accounts every day under our policy on
Account Integrity and Authentic Identity. However, no enforcement framework can guarantee complete elimination of inauthentic behaviour in real time, precisely because adversarial actors are incentivised to find and exploit gaps in any system. This necessitates continuous investment in both proactive and reactive enforcement capabilities.
Cybersecurity - Attempts to gather sensitive personal information or engage in unauthorised access by deceptive or invasive methods are harmful to the authentic, open and safe atmosphere that we want to foster. Therefore, we do not allow attempts to gather sensitive user information or engage in unauthorised access through the abuse of our platform, products, or services.
Spam - We work hard to
limit the spread of spam because we do not want to allow content that is designed to deceive, or that attempts to mislead users, to increase viewership. We also aim to prevent people from abusing our platform, products or features to artificially increase viewership or distribute content en masse for commercial gain. This can be pertinent for several TTPs depending on the context including (1) creation of inauthentic accounts (2) the use of fake / inauthentic reactions (e.g., likes, upvotes, comments), (3) the use of fake followers or subscribers (4) the creation of inauthentic chat groups, fora, or domains and (5) the use of deceptive practices.
Branded Content Policies -
Branded content may only be posted with the use of the branded content tool, and creators must use the branded content tool to tag the featured third-party product, brand, or business partner with their prior permission. Branded content may only be posted by Instagram accounts with access to the branded content tool. This is pertinent to non-transparent promotional messages.
Privacy -
We remove content that shares, offers or solicits personally identifiable information or other private information that could lead to physical or financial harm, including financial, residential, and medical information, as well as private information obtained from illegal sources.